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Estelle Naomi Trebert Griswold (June 8, 1900 – August 13, 1981) was a civil rights activist and feminist most commonly known as a defendant in what became the Supreme Court case ''Griswold v. Connecticut'', in which contraception for married couples was legalized in the state of Connecticut, setting the precedent of the right to privacy. Griswold served as the Executive Director of Planned Parenthood in New Haven when she and Yale professor C. Lee Buxton opened a birth control clinic in New Haven in an attempt to change the Connecticut law banning contraception. Their actions set into motion legislation that resulted in both ''Poe v. Ullman'' and ''Griswold v. Connecticut.'' Griswold's personal role in both cases was vital to achieving success and starting a women's rights revolution that went on to aid the support for such cases as ''Roe v. Wade''. ==Early life== Estelle ("Stelle") Trebert was born in Hartford, Connecticut, on June 8, 1900 to Frank (a toolmaker of Irish and German descent) and Jennie Church Trebert. Throughout Estelle’s childhood, her father educated her thoroughly in Native American customs and strongly advocated for outdoor activity. Her mother, Jennie Trebert, is most commonly described as being reserved and "placid." Estelle was the younger of two surviving children (a brother had died before she was born); her older brother was Raymond Trebert. Their parents were said to have had a tumultuous marriage and serious "personality differences", but they never were divorced. Estelle Griswold was raised in the Roman Catholic faith but was not devout later in life. Estelle attended Hartford public schools throughout her youth. Due to academic process, she skipped both fourth and seventh grades but was graduated from high school in five years instead of four due to her habitual truancy and her encouragement of other students, mainly boys, to skip school. After graduation from high school in 1920, Estelle began taking music classes at the Hartt School of Music. She wanted to go to college and further her academic career, but her family could not afford the tuition. She worked in a bank in order to pay for the music school. In 1922, she moved to France to pursue a singing career, ignoring the disapproval of her parents. She had a very impressive contralto singing voice, and traveled to both Paris and Nice for employment. While in France, Estelle contracted tuberculosis, limiting her abilities to work. She also became engaged to an aspiring playwright, but the relationship ended prior to the marriage. Upon learning that her mother had fallen seriously ill, Estelle left Paris. Soon thereafter, both her parents died. Estelle did not return to Paris after their deaths but stayed in Hartford. Hoping to further her singing career, she did travel briefly, auditioning in New York and touring for six months with a Chicago-based show group. After this, she returned to Hartford and remained there until her marriage to Richard Griswold. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Estelle Griswold」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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